ENGVANGINNGE PLASTIC HI THLIARHRAN A NIH?
Kum 1970 chhova Marine Researcher ten plastic bawlhhlawh tuifinriata inhnawkkhawm ṭun mai an hmuh leh tui nungchate pumpui thlenga an hmuh a, plastic hi hmanraw dang angin a ṭawih ral ve mai mai lo tih an hriatchhuahna pawh kum tam a liam ve ta, khang hunlai khan an han zirchiang nghal a, plastic hi tuiah leh leia a tlakin, a ziarang a danglam ve hauh lova, laboratory test-te nei zuiin plastic ṭhenkhat PE, PP, PS te chu thla tamtak hnuah pawh a danglam ve lo tih an hrechhuak a, kum zabi daih thil, kum za chuang liam hnu pawha he leia cham reng tur thil a ni tih an hriat hnu phei kha chuan an mangang ngawt ta ve ang. Mahsela, an ngaihtuah zui nghal pawimawh tak erawh plastic bawlhhlawh chinfel dan a ni. Plastic hian thil sa a dawnsawnin a sawng thei a, tin, meiah a chhuan tui theih bawk, chuvang chuan amah vek aṭang hian a thar dang a siam theih ang tih ngaihdan an nei chho ta a, kum 1972 khan khawvela plastic recycling plant hmasa ber pawh Conshohocken, Pensylvania, USA ah hawn a ni chho ta a ni.
Hmannawn leh tura an buatsaihna kawngah buaina dang an han hmuchhuak leh a, plastic zawng zawng hi a lo inang hauh lo, temperature a zira a tuiral dan te, chemical chi hrang hrang hmanga thuam a nih danah te pawlhsawp chi a lo ni hauh lo, tih an han hrechhawm ve leh zel a, hemi denchhen hian kum 1988 khan US rama a Society of the Plastic Industry (SPI) chuan Resin Identification Code (RIC) system a duang a, he system hian plastic-te chu siam a nih dan, an chemical compound, an ziarang, siam nana resin an hman dan aṭangin an thliar hrang a, heng an thliarhrante hi code number pek niin, code 1-7 pek an ni. India sawrkar pawn hetianga code a ṭhenhran hi chhawm (adopt) vein, Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2011 (amended in 2016 and 2022) ah khan official a puan a ni.
. Code no. an pek dan indawt chu hetiangin :-
- PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
- HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
- LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene)
- PP (Polypropylene)
- PS (Polystyrene)
- PC & others (Polycarbonate leh a dang tenawi ho)
Note : Code no. 7 hi code no. 1-6 chhunga rin luh theih loh ho, category te tham ho an vawmkhawm a, chungte chu Polycarbonate bakah Multi-Layered Plastics (MLP), electronic bungraw siam nana hman tlanglawn tak, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Nylon, plastic ṭawihthei, cornstarch ilo aṭanga siam ho Polylactic Acid (PLA), bio-plastic tia hriat tlanglawn ho hi he code number hian dah an ni bawk. Bio-plastic tak erawh hi chu a code no. ai mahin India ramah chuan CPCB certified a nihna a chuang tur a ni.
Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2011 hnuaiah hian India sawrkar chuan plastic product reng rengah eng plastic nge tih hriat hran a nih theih nan a plastic type code chu a siamtu (manufacturer, producer) an print tel ngei ngei tur a ni tih thuchhuah a siam a, hetah hian recycling logo bulah, a resin code number leh a plastic type lamtawi (eg. PET, HDPE etc.) tih a chuan tir tur a ni tih a ni.
ENGATINGE PLASTIC HI ṬHENHRAN A NIH?
Plastic pakhat hi thil zawng zawngah a hmantlak vek bik lova, rit a dawl dan, a fan theih dan leh langtlang tura duan an nih dante, an nihphung a zira lum, sa leh vawt an dawnsawn dante a inang lova, kan hmanna a zirin chemical lawng chhuak tur a venhim dan a inang hek lo bawk. Hetiang a nih vang hian kan hmanna a zirin mihring hriselna atan a him dan chin a inang lo hle. Mei saah chhuang dawn ila, temperature a zira an tuiral chak dan a inang lova, hei bakah hian a plastic type a zirin recycle dawna buatsaih a mamawh dan a inang hek lova, heivang hian recycle dawnah a chi hrang hrang chu pawlhsawp nuai ta ila, chhuang tui ila, khami rual khat (batch) khan a tawrh phah ang a, a fir a nih tak loh vang chuan hman tlak lovah a siam thei a ni. Mithiamte sawi danin ei leh in thila mahni in lama hmannawn leh tur atan chuan Polypropylene (PP – Code 5) plastic bak hi hmannawn loh a him berin an sawi.
CATEGORY HRANG HRANG PEK A NI HIAN RECYCLE LEHNA KAWNGAH NGHAWNG A NEI EM?
Code number pek a ni hian hmannawn lehna tura buatsaih kawngah thlarhran a ti awlsam a, a plastic product a zira hmanna a hran avang hian chhinchhiah chian a awlsamin, recycling plant a thawkte tan samkhaina tam tak a thlen a ni. Plastic ṭhenkhat hi recycle leh a harsa a, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) lama hman tura thehthang tur chi hriat a ti awlsam a, hei bakah hian a plastic product a code number a in chhut kai chuan, sawrkar hnuai ni lem lo, mahnia bawlhhlawh chhar khawm ṭhin (wastepicker) te tan pawh eng plastic nge hralhchhawn leh theih tih hriat awlsam nan a ṭha hle a, hei hian lui, kawngsir leh muala plastic bawlhhlawh inchhekkhawm tur tamtak a ti ziaawm bawk.
Hei bakah hian Extended Prodecer Responsibility (EPR) system hnuaia plastic siamtute Producers/Importers/Brand Ownders (PIBOs) te hian India market a plastic an thehchhuah zawng zawngte hi a bo a bang awm lo, 100% chu an khawnkhawm leh vek tur tih a ni a, category hran a ṭhenhran hian an product chin chinfel nan reporting leh audit a ti awlsam hle bawk.
INDIA RAMAH ENG PLASTIC-TE NGE RECYCLE THEIH?
Tuna kan dinhmunah chuan India ram hian plastic type zawng zawng hi kan khawl leh hmanraw neih danten a zir loh vang hian a la recycle thei vek lem lo, PET (Code 1) leh HDPE (Code 2) te hi kan recycle theih tlanglawn tak an ni a, PET phei chu bottle thar dang bakah thawmhnaw siamna tur la fibre siamchhuah nan a hman leh theih vangin hralhchhawn a awlsam hle ṭhin. Polypropylene (PP – Code 5) pawh hi khawpui lam, khawl ṭha awmna hmunah chuan tunhnai chhova recycle leh tura demand nasat pawl a ni bawk. LDPE (Code 4), plastic bag ilo ho hi bal, hnawng leh eitur kai a tam ṭhin vang hian recycle kawngah thil a ti buaithlak viau ṭhin a, thliahran a hautak em em bawk, a fan awlsamin, a pan a, recycle khawl nen a inmil vak lova, a inhnawh buai fo, heivang hian recycle leh a buaithlakin hun a duh hle. LDPE bawlhhlawh hi a pung chak si a, heivang hian ram tamtak chuan recycle leh a buaithlak tih hriain plastic bag hi an khap phah hial a ni kha.
PVC (Code 3) leh Polysterene (Code 6) ho hi India ramah chuan kan recycle tlem ber an ni maithei a, a chhan chu sa (heat) a dawnsawn hian chlorine gas a pe chhuak thei a, recycle lehna lama sawngbawl kawngah mihring hriselna a nghawng nasain a hlauhawm deuh a, heivang hian recycle loh ṭhin a ni fo.
Hei bakah hian Code 7 (Others) huang chhung a mi ho, polycarbon (PC), ABS, Nylon leh MLP ho hi India ramah chuan recycle leh harsa te an ni bawk. Khawnkhawn a buaithlak a, khawl neihin a la tlin lo deuh bawk, MLP bik hi plastic leh alluminium layer inpawlh a nih angin, a layer hi thliar hran leh a harsa hle bawk, recycle leh theih loh tluk a nih vang hian kawng siam nan erawh a ṭangkai hle thung. An her sawm a, alkatra nena chhuan pawlhin a ban ṭha a, ruahtuiin a nan huh hleithei lo, kawng tlo tak a siam theih thung niin an sawi.
PLASTIC ṬAWIHTHEI
Kum 2020-2023 inkar khan Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) leh state ṭhenkhat Pollution Control Board-te zirchian danin plastic ṭawihthei (compostable plastic) lem, a ṭawihthei ang a zawrhchhuah tam tham tak an man khawm a, heng an zawrhchhuah tam tak hi plastic pangngai, LDPE an ni tih an hmuchhuak a, hengte hi a lem a ni nain Biodegradable, Eco-friendly, Compostable, Bio-plastic emaw corn starch aṭanga siam tih ten an chhu kai ve vek hlawm a ni.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) thuchhuah chuan hetiang plastic ṭawihthei siam chhuaktu reng rengte hian labeling leh certification chungchangah dan fel taka an zawm tur an siam a, plastic ṭawihthei a ni tih tihchianna turin CPCB pawmpui laboratory (eg. CIPET emaw Shriram Institute)-ah te test an paltlang a ngai a, chumi hnuah authorization letter tihchhuah sak an ni chauh ṭhin.
CPCB kaihhruaina in a tarlan danin plastic ṭawihthei hmanga siam product ho reng rengah hian ‘compostable’ tih inziak bakah CPCB authorization no. IS/ISO 170088 tih an a chuang tel tur a ni a, chumi bakah a siamchhuaktu company hming, licence no., leh a dam chen tur leh report reference ṭhenkhatte nen a chuang vek tur tih a ni. Certified tawh hnuah a product a, ‘compostable’ tih chhut ringawt kha pawm a ni lem lova, heng tello hi chuan hralhchhuah leh in advertise thleng pawhin khap tlat a ni. Kum 2023 thleng khan India ramchhunga dan dik taka plastic ṭawihthei siamchhuak ṭhin, CPCB pawmpui ngei hi company 200 bawr vel chaih an la ni a, hetih lai hian pawmpuina tellova hralhchhuak mi sang tel an la awm a sawi a ni thung. Kum 2022-23 FY chhung khan Maharashtra state chhungah ringawt pawh bag vaibelchhe 4 chuang man khawm a ni.
Plastic ṭawihthei hi siamchhuah a har a, a senso a tam bawk, hetia LDPE plastic hmanga siam ho an thehdarh hian a bawlhhlawh sawngbawl lehna kawngah nghawng ṭha lo tak a nei a, a thliar hrangtu tan pawn thil a ti buaithlak ṭhin hle a ni.
